![]() Matching the laboratory data using artificial intelligence: the optimized cumulative oil recovery could be achieved at an enthalpy of 894.2 J/gmol, Arrhenius frequency of 8.3, residual oil saturation of 20%, log of capillary number at microbe flooding stage of −1.26, and also depicted a history match error less than 3%. Mainly, the oil recovery mechanisms were attributed to viscosity enhancement, wettability changes, permeability and flow effects. A series of core flood experiments conducted in water-flooded Berea sandstone showed that up to 51% of initial oil-in-place was recovered when the plugs were treated with AR80 and shut-in for 14 days. The present study investigated the ability of a thermophilic anaerobic microbe (herein coded as AR80) for MEOR with the further objective to quantify the uncertainty of production forecast in terms of the cumulative probability distribution. Literature pertaining to laboratory experiments, field trials and patents are included in view of industrial applications and further developments. This review aims to provide an overview on MEOR and biorefining relevant to the petroleum industry and highlights challenges that need to be overcome to become commercially successful. In addition, the emerging field of crude oil refining and associated industrial processes such as biodesulfurization, biodemetallation, bio-denitrogenation and biotransformation are also covered. MEOR is an alternate recovery method that uses microorganisms and their metabolic products. ![]() In the search for economical and environmentally friendly solutions, growing attention has been given to biotechnology such as the use of microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR). The increasing demand for oil in the world coupled with very stringent environmental laws piled economical and technical pressure upon the refinery industry to further improve crude oil recovery as well as reduce sulfur, metal and nitrogen concentration to the low ppm levels. Conventional secondary recovery methods such as water and gas injections helped to increase the productivity of the well, while chemical and physical refinery processes such as hydrodesulfurization, desalting, and high-pressure high-temperature hydrotreating remove most inorganic impurities. Further downstream, the petroleum industry is facing challenges to remove sulfur, metal, nitrogen as well as undesirable organic compounds from the crude. licheniformis when tested in sand packedĪ significant quantum of crude oil is trapped in reservoirs and often unrecoverable by conventional oil recovery methods. licheniformis K125 gave 43 ± 3.3% additional oil recovery upon application to sand column which is 13.7% and 8.5% higher in comparison to the standard strains, Bacillus mojavensis JF-2 and Bacillus licheniformis TT42 respectively. The technical feasibility of oil recovery was assessed in porous model sand packed columns with biosystems developed separately comprising of the specially isolated B. are injected into oil reservoir in order to retrieve the unrecoverable oil, is known as ex situ oil recovery. The approach where microbes are cultivated outside in a fermentor on inexpensive raw materials and they and/or their crude metabolites, viz. In in situ approach growth of the indigenous microbes is stimulated or isolated microbes having specifi c traits are injected into oil reservoir along with the nutrients where production of the metabo-lites causes oil release. MEOR approaches are either in situ or ex situ. are notably the products of microbial growth in the reservoir. Biosurfactants, biomass, biopolymers, solvents, acids, gases, etc. Oil recovery mechanisms facilitated by microorganisms are attributed to the metabolites produced by them. Microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) includes the tertiary oil recovery process where microorganisms or their metabolites are used to retrieve the unrecoverable oil from oil reservoirs. ![]() EOR technologies produce an additional oil recovery after these processes cease to produce oil. Conventional primary and secondary oil recovery processes recover only one third of the oil present in the oil reservoir. ![]()
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